مجله راهور
پیاپی 28 (بهار 1398)

Traffic security is considered as a security issue in the country. It is considered to be the rights of citizens and the its provision that it is duty of government in order to prevent traffic offenses, and with the suggestion of three levels of prevention, including preventive, social prevention and provisional prevention and punishment prevention of the issue in the field of social prevention of driving violations that the current research has been carried out on driving violations that include the avoidance of criminal offenses committed by road traffic offenders, the timely and appropriate collection of fines on suburban bus drivers. The type of research is field. 100 people were selected for sample size. Road police and traffic police chiefs of provinces and police chiefs of provincial centers have been selected as the statistical population as a whole number. After receiving the validation in the face validity of the questionnaire from the elites (Ph.D. students of traffic safety management), a questionnaire was provided to them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the amount of traffic offenses and comprehensive surveillance in preventing criminal offenses in the prevention of offenders' In the prevention of violations of drivers of the transportation sector of suburban passenger (bus drivers). The results of the study show that there is a certain validity among the avoidance of non-punishment and prevention of driving violations, timely collection and avoiding driving violations, and the proportionality of fines with the conflict of the interests of citizens resulting from violation of the traffic rules. It is suggested that lay down the rules and regulations and correction of the law of addressing driving violations are to be used in three areas of effective factors as a strategic model in preventing driving violations and, consequently, reducing traffic accidents with the title of comprehensive monitoring and compilation of penalties in terms of severity, speed and certainty which is effective in deterrence.

The study examines the selection of color (car and road) to modify driving behavior of traffic users with the aim of providing executive strategies for changing traffic behavior of users. The author believes that it can be achieved using cultural approaches and attention to the color factor in the car and the road or behavior change to improve the traffic behavior and reduce the driving accidents. For this purpose, the researcher used a survey method to collect data. In this method, experts' opinions can be used to evaluate the indicators of traffic behavior change. By this description, the method of this research is a survey and  practical in terms of purpose and. The statistical population of this research has been the experts and elites of traffic management areas. The data collection tool was also maed by a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed before the implementation. Data was also analyzed using Pearson's test. The results of the research show that, all of the hypotheses are meaningful In Pearson’s test and it can be stated that are correlated between the type of color application in terms of the optical spectrum – the role of car color in the control of the emotions - the role of road color and proper alignment - the role of color in reducing the fatigue and proper driving - the color of the color in setting aggression patterns in driving and the role of advertising and informative colors and reducing driving errors in the four bases of landslides- Intentional violations - unintentional violations and reduction of driving errors.

Driving violations has always been one of the causes of occurring problems, difficulties and traffic accidents in all societies. Given that the main cause of accidents is known due to human error. Investigating driving behaviors and the factors affecting it can play an important role in reducing the risk. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness about the relationship between mental health and drivers driving behaviors in Tehran. The target community is composed of all drivers in Tehran city and 202 individuals are selected as sample using available sampling method and responded to Goldberg and Hiller's general health questionnaire (1972), Brown's and Ryan's mindfulness (2003) and Manchester's driving behavior (1990). The results were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Structural equation modeling method was used to examine the model. The results of the model analysis by AMOS software showed that the proposed model is fitted with the data and the mindfulness variable has a complete mediator role between mental health and driving behaviors. That is, the mindfulness structure can explain the relationship between individual differences in mental health with driving behaviors.  According to the findings of the research, mindfulness structure can be used to explain the relationship between individual differences in mental health and driving behaviors. Mental health assessments are made when a driver's license is issued to improve driving conditions and reduce accidents as well as mindfulness training is to be considered for vulnerable people to drive errors.

In recent years, crisis management has been proposed asan appropriate approach to planning and encounter with disaster crisis. In thisregard, relief logistics as an important component of crisis management plays acritical role in the achievement of crisis management. The present research hasproposed a new mathematical model for location of distribution and reliefcenters as well as vehicles routing in order to providing required goods fordisabled people at the time of disasters with focusing on the relief logistics.The goal of this proposed model is to minimize the cost of choosingdistribution centers and routing of needy points for relief with considering riskconstraint. This research is a practical study and applied in a descriptiveanalyticalmanner that is considered to proposing location model andminimizing the cost of choosing distribution centers and routing of needypoints for relief with considering risk constraint. Given that this problem isNP-Hard, the proposed algorithm is derived from the combination of particleswarm algorithm and risk equation for location – relief logistic routing inearthquake situations under fuzzy environment. The proposed method isimplemented on the earthquake data of Tehran that are provided based on thelibrary method and data sheets of the earthquake database extracted from thedatabase of the Iran seismological center. The proposed method on earthquake data inTehran showed that with using the proposed algorithm, it is possible tolocating of relief centers from candidate locations and routing the selectedcenters with the lowest cost. Therefore, the relief stations that selected as thebest choice in earthquake conditions from among the 15 potential stations inTehran were: West Town, Jamshidieh Bustan, Sorkheh Hesar, Azadi, ArtificialBeach, and Hakimiyeh. Also, in order to evaluate the performance of theproposed algorithm the proposed algorithm is compared with five algorithms(forest algorithm, firefly algorithm, particle swarm algorithm based on electrostaticpower, particle swarm algorithm based on distance and particle swarmalgorithm based on classifying and local search) in seven criteria. The resultsrepresented a very good performance of the proposed algorithm.

While one of the main tasks of education is to increase of students' knowledge in the field of traffic and driving laws and regulations. However, research indicates that crashes are growing and students are not well informed about this. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the content of social studies books of elementary school in the field of driving and traffic regulations education. Therefore, the statistical population of this study was the content of social studies books of elementary school (bases 3, 4, 5, and 6) in the academic year of 2015-2016. The sampling was done purposefully. In this regard, descriptive method and then content analysis method have been used to determine the components of teaching driving rules and regulations , in order to study and analyze the curriculum of social studies. Information gathering tool were books content Analysis Log , Activities Analysis Log, Worksheets, and Images Analysis Log which after the study of theoretical foundations, the proposed proposal was prepared and its validity was determined by the specialists of the educational sciences and the relevant experts. The analysis unit was also the pages (sentences, images and activities). The results of the study showed that out of a total of 4,000 sentences, activities and images in primary school social studies, only 107 were assigned to teach pedestrians and occupants and bike riders traffic rules. The highest coefficient of importance is attributed to the components of the bike riders and the lowest importance coefficient for the pedestrian component. The occupants component also has an equal importance coefficient with the bike riders component. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue for social development, reducing accidents and having citizens in accordance with norms, values, conventions, rules and regulations of the community, it is necessary to emphasize the same and attention to it in the education books. in the program Designing and writing textbooks will pay more attention to this and the curriculum planner will pay more attention to planning and writing curriculum books.

Traffic accidents are one of the most important causes of death in the world, which imposes significant economic burdens on societies, and estimates of the cost of these accidents are important. The purpose of this study is to estimate the costs of accidents by applying willingness to pay approach to vehicle deivers of vehicles with different conditions and for crashes with different intensities. For this purpose, the study has been carried out on urban roads in Tehran. Based on this, the costs of accidents for vehicle drivers and, finally, a model for achieving it are addressed. Research variables include personal characteristics such as age, gender, and degree of education. The statistical significance of life has been an important parameter in the research of willingness to pay. The statistical significance of life for one death based on the average willingness to pay drivers and in terms of decreasing the risk of death from 26.5 per 100 thousand population are decreased by half, is estimated equal to 29.6 billion rials. Accordingly, for the total traffic deaths has been obtained the total figure of 5603 trillion rials. This amount was 3.6 billion Rials per injured, according to the average daily payment for each injury, and according to the number of injuries, about 319 thousand people a year have been 1153.7 billion Rials. Accordingly, and according to available statistics and information, about 6.5 percent of gross national income is related to the cost of traffic accidents that are lost in these accidents.

work stress is related to several factors ,in other words, it is influenced by various factors such as quality of work life of employees. Therefore, studying these factors can identify them and prevent the occurrence of destructive effects of occupational stress, including lack of concentration, lack of work, conflicts, absence and so on. For this purpose, the present research was conducted with aim to to identify and prioritize occupational stressors factors and their relationship with the quality of working life of the traffic employees of the BigTehran.
  The statistical population of this research consisted of all major employees of Big Tehran in 2017 that Among them, Based on sampling table, 346 people were selected by cluster sampling method and studied. The present research is applicable in terms of putpose and descriptive research in terms of the nature in type of correlation, which links the various variables of occupational stress and quality of work life. Data collection tool included a occupational stress questionnaire (H S E) with 7 components and 35 items for measuring occupational stress and Walton standard questionnaire (1973) with 8 components and 27 items regarding quality of work life (Q W L). Both questionnaires have acceptable reliability and validity., correlation coefficient tests and factor analysis were used To analyze  data.
  The results of the confirmatory factor analysis have shown that  There is a meaningful relationship between the occupational stressful factors of employes of Big Tehran and all components of quality of work life such as: fair and adequate payment, safe and healthy work environment, providing growth opportunity and continuous security, legality in the organization, social dependence of the workplace, general space of working life, social integration and cohesion in the organization and the development of human capabilities. Also, in this study, the most stressful occupational stressors factor in the field of quality of work life were the category of support for supervisors and managers and the least factor was the category of role. Therefore, it can be said that there is a relationship between the stress of the employees of the traffic police and the quality of their working life and all aspects of the quality of life of the employees

In our country, the number of casualties caused by accidents has increased considerably due to the increased traffic of vehicles and the inadequacy of the geometric design of roads and the lack of adequate safety facilities and the problems caused by the weakness of the traffic culture. Meanwhile, the municipality of Tehran and the traffic police together to combat this problem, a project called "White Line" was defined as the most important guide language in the culture of transportation and traffic of citizens, and in some areas of Tehran implemented. The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between the implementation of the white line project and the traffic behavior of users in District 8 of the Great Tehran. This research was carried out using a survey-descriptive method in 2016. Data collection was performed by analyzing existing data in a questionnaire containing 26 closed questions among road traffic accident experts in Tehran 8th District. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Excel softwares. In the conclusion, after analyzing the ninth questions, it was found that intelligent intersections, implementation of stop line at crossings and pedestrian passages, synchronization of signs with lines and horizontal traffic signs, and training and culture through various media have a very strong relationship with behavior modification of users. Also, the standardization of roads lines and modifying and securing pedestrian crossings is associated with the modification of traffic behavior and the three variables, including the standard placement of public transport stations, continuity of transverse lines of pedestrian passages and the training and culture of the various media, have a poor connection with the traffic behavior of users. The white line project has a significant and effective relationship with traffic behavior of users on most traffic variables in area 8. Implementing this project will benefit the people and users of the region and will reduce and lubricat traffic accidents.